Paul, a slave of Christ Jesus, ^1acalled as an apostle, having been ^bset apart for ^cthe gospel of God, 2 which He ^apromised beforehand through His ^bprophets in the holy Scriptures, 3 concerning His Son, who was born ^aof the seed of David ^baccording to the flesh, 4 who was designated as ^athe Son of God in power, according to the ¹Spirit of holiness, ²by the resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord, 5 through whom we received grace and ^aapostleship for the ^bobedience of faith among ^call the Gentiles for the sake of His name, 6 among whom you also are the ^acalled of Jesus Christ;

7 to all who are ^abeloved of God in Rome, called as ^1bsaints: ^cGrace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.

8 First, ^aI thank my God through Jesus Christ ¹for you all, because ^byour faith is being proclaimed throughout the whole world. 9 For ^aGod, whom I ^bserve in my spirit in the gospel of His Son, is my witness as to how without ceasing ^cI make mention of you, 10 always in my prayers earnestly asking, if perhaps now at last by ^athe will of God I may succeed in coming to you. 11 For ^aI long to see you so that I may impart some spiritual gift to you, that you may be strengthened; 12 that is, to be mutually encouraged, while among you, by each other’s faith, both yours and mine. 13 ^aI do not want you to be unaware, ^bbrothers, that often I ^chave planned to come to you (and have been prevented so far) so that I may have some ^dfruit among you also, even as among the rest of the Gentiles. 14 ^aI am ¹under obligation both to Greeks and to ^bbarbarians, both to the wise and to the foolish. 15 In this way, for my part, I am eager to ^aproclaim the gospel to you also who are in Rome.

16 For I am not ^aashamed of the gospel, for ^bit is the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes, to the ^cJew first and also to ^dthe Greek. 17 For in it ^athe righteousness of God is revealed ¹from faith to faith; as it is written, “^2bBUT THE RIGHTEOUS WILL LIVE BY FAITH.”

18 For ^athe wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men who ^bsuppress the truth ¹in unrighteousness, 19 because ^athat which is known about God is evident ¹within them; for God made it evident to them. 20 For ^asince the creation of the world His invisible attributes, both His eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly seen, ^bbeing understood through what has been made, so that they are without excuse. 21 For even though they knew God, they did not glorify Him as God or give thanks, but they became ^afutile in their thoughts, and their foolish heart was darkened. 22 ^aProfessing to be wise, they became fools, 23 and ^aexchanged the glory of the incorruptible God for an image in the likeness of corruptible man and of birds and four-footed animals and crawling creatures.

24 Therefore ^aGod gave them over in the lusts of their hearts to impurity, so that their bodies would be ^bdishonored among them. 25 For they exchanged the truth of God for ¹a ^alie, and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, ^bwho is blessed ²forever. Amen.

26 For this reason ^aGod gave them over to ^bdishonorable passions; for their ^cfemales exchanged the natural function for that which is ¹unnatural, 27 and in the same way also the ^amales abandoned the natural function of the female and burned in their desire toward one another, ^bmales with males committing ¹indecent acts and receiving in ²their own persons the due penalty of their error.

28 And just as they did not see fit ¹to acknowledge God, ^aGod gave them over to an unfit mind, to do those things which are not proper, 29 having been filled with all unrighteousness, wickedness, greed, evil; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, malice; they are ^agossips, 30 slanderers, ^1ahaters of God, violent, arrogant, boastful, inventors of evil, ^bdisobedient to parents, 31 without understanding, untrustworthy, ^aunloving, unmerciful; 32 and although they know the righteous requirement of God, that those who practice such things are worthy of ^adeath, they not only do the same, but also ^bgive hearty approval to those who practice them.

Paul, a bond-servant of Christ Jesus, ^1acalled as an apostle, ^bset apart for ^cthe gospel of God, 2 which He ^apromised beforehand through His ^bprophets in the holy Scriptures, 3 concerning His Son, who was born ^aof a ¹descendant of David ^baccording to the flesh, 4 who was declared ^athe Son of God with power according to the ¹Spirit of holiness ²by the resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord, 5 through whom we have received grace and ^aapostleship ¹to bring about the ^bobedience of faith among ^call the Gentiles in behalf of His name, 6 among whom you also are the ^acalled of Jesus Christ;

7 to all who are ^abeloved of God in Rome, called as ^1bsaints: ^cGrace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.

8 First, ^aI thank my God through Jesus Christ ¹for you all, because ^byour faith is being proclaimed throughout the world. 9 For ^aGod, whom I ^bserve in my spirit in the preaching of the gospel of His Son, is my witness as to how unceasingly ^cI make mention of you, 10 always in my prayers requesting if perhaps now, at last by ^athe will of God, I will succeed in coming to you. 11 For ^aI long to see you so that I may impart some spiritual gift to you, that you may be ¹established; 12 that is, that I may be encouraged together with you while among you, each of us by the other’s faith, both yours and mine. 13 ^aI do not want you to be unaware, ^bbrothers and sisters, that often I ^chave planned to come to you (and have been prevented so far) so that I may obtain some ^dfruit among you also just as among the rest of the Gentiles. 14 ^aI am ¹under obligation both to Greeks and to the ^2buncultured, both to the wise and to the foolish. 15 So, for my part, I am eager to ^apreach the gospel to you also who are in Rome.

16 For I am not ^aashamed of the gospel, for ^bit is the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes, to the ^cJew first and also to ^dthe Greek. 17 For in it ^athe righteousness of God is revealed ¹from faith to faith; as it is written: “^2bBUT THE RIGHTEOUS ONE WILL LIVE BY FAITH.”

18 For ^athe wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of people who ^bsuppress the truth ¹in unrighteousness, 19 because ^athat which is known about God is evident ¹within them; for God made it evident to them. 20 For ^asince the creation of the world His invisible attributes, that is, His eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly perceived, ^bbeing understood by what has been made, so that they are without excuse. 21 For even though they knew God, they did not ¹honor Him as God or give thanks, but they became ^afutile in their reasonings, and their senseless hearts were darkened. 22 ^aClaiming to be wise, they became fools, 23 and they ^aexchanged the glory of the incorruptible God for an image in the form of corruptible mankind, of birds, four-footed animals, and ¹crawling creatures.

24 Therefore ^aGod gave them up to vile impurity in the lusts of their hearts, so that their bodies would be ^bdishonored among them. 25 For they exchanged the truth of God for ^1afalsehood, and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, ^bwho is blessed ²forever. Amen.

26 For this reason ^aGod gave them over to ^bdegrading passions; for their women exchanged natural relations for that which is contrary to nature, 27 and likewise the men, too, abandoned natural relations ¹with women and burned in their desire toward one another, ^amales with males committing ²shameful acts and receiving in ³their own persons the due penalty of their error.

28 And just as they did not see fit ¹to acknowledge God, ^aGod gave them up to a depraved mind, to do those things that are not proper, 29 people having been filled with all unrighteousness, wickedness, greed, and evil; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, and malice; they are ^agossips, 30 slanderers, ^1ahaters of God, insolent, arrogant, boastful, inventors of evil, ^bdisobedient to parents, 31 without understanding, untrustworthy, ^aunfeeling, and unmerciful; 32 and although they know the ordinance of God, that those who practice such things are worthy of ^adeath, they not only do the same, but also ^bapprove of those who practice them.

Paul, a ¹bond-servant of Christ Jesus, ^acalled as an apostle (special messenger, personally chosen representative) , ^bset apart for preaching ^cthe ²gospel of God the good news of salvation, 2 which He ^apromised beforehand through His ^bprophets in the sacred Scriptures— 3 the good news regarding His Son, who, ^aas to the flesh His human nature, was born ^ba descendant of David to fulfill the covenant promises, 4 and as to His divine nature according to the Spirit of holiness was openly designated to be ^athe Son of God with power in a triumphant and miraculous way by His resurrection from the dead: Jesus Christ our Lord. 5 It is through Him that we have received grace and our ^aapostleship to promote ^bobedience to the faith and make disciples for His name’s sake among ^call the Gentiles, 6 and you also are among those who are ^acalled of Jesus Christ to belong to Him;

7 I am writing to all who are ^abeloved of God in Rome, called to be ^bsaints (God’s people) and set apart for a sanctified life, that is, set apart for God and His purpose: ^cGrace to you and peace inner calm and spiritual well-being from God our Father and from the Lord Jesus Christ.

8 First, ^aI thank my God through Jesus Christ for all of you, because ^byour faith your trust and confidence in His power, wisdom, and goodness is being proclaimed in all the world. 9 For ^aGod, whom I ^bserve with my spirit by preaching the gospel of His Son, is my witness as to how continuously ^cI mention you 10 in my prayers; always pleading that somehow, by ^aGod’s will, I may now at last come to you. 11 For ^aI long to see you so that I may share with you some spiritual gift, to strengthen and establish you; 12 that is, that we may be mutually encouraged and comforted by each other’s faith, both yours and mine. 13 ^aI do not want you to be unaware, ^1bbrothers and sisters, that many times I ^chave planned to come to you, (and have been prevented so far) so that I may have some ^dfruit of my labors among you, even as I have among the rest of the Gentiles. 14 I have ^aa duty to perform and a debt to pay both to Greeks and to ^bbarbarians the cultured and the uncultured, both to the wise and to the foolish. 15 So, for my part, I am ready and eager to ^apreach the gospel also to you who are in Rome.

16 I am not ^aashamed of the gospel, for ^bit is the power of God for salvation from His wrath and punishment to everyone who believes in Christ as Savior, to the ^cJew first and also to ^dthe Greek. 17 For in the gospel ^athe righteousness of God is revealed, both springing from faith and leading to faith disclosed in a way that awakens more faith. As it is written and forever remains written, “^bTHE JUST and UPRIGHT SHALL LIVE BY FAITH.” Hab 2:4

18 For God does not overlook sin and ^athe wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men who in their wickedness ^bsuppress and stifle the truth, 19 because ^athat which is known about God is evident within them in their inner consciousness, for God made it evident to them. 20 For ever ^asince the creation of the world His invisible attributes, His eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly seen, ^bbeing understood through His workmanship all His creation, the wonderful things that He has made, so that they who fail to believe and trust in Him are without excuse and without defense. Ps 19:1-4; Eph 2:10 21 For even though ¹they knew God as the Creator, they did not ²honor Him as God or give thanks for His wondrous creation. On the contrary, they became ^aworthless in their thinking godless, with pointless reasonings, and silly speculations, and their foolish heart was darkened. 22 ^aClaiming to be wise, they became fools, 23 and ^aexchanged the glory and majesty and excellence of the immortal God for ¹an image worthless idols in the shape of mortal man and birds and four-footed animals and reptiles.

24 Therefore ^aGod gave them over in the lusts of their own hearts to sexual impurity, so that their bodies would be ^bdishonored among them abandoning them to the degrading power of sin, 25 because by choice they exchanged the truth of God for a ^alie, and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, ^bwho is blessed forever! Amen. Jer 2:11

26 For this reason ^aGod gave them over to ^bdegrading and vile passions; for their women exchanged the natural function for that which is unnatural a function contrary to nature, 27 and in the same way also the men turned away from the natural function of the woman and were consumed with their desire toward one another, ^amen with men committing shameful acts and in return receiving in their own bodies the inevitable and appropriate penalty for their wrongdoing.

28 And since they did not see fit to acknowledge God or consider Him worth knowing as their Creator, ^aGod gave them over to a depraved mind, to do things which are improper and repulsive, 29 until they were filled (permeated, saturated) with every kind of unrighteousness, wickedness, greed, evil; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, malice and mean-spiritedness. They are ^agossips spreading rumors, 30 slanderers, ^ahaters of God, insolent, arrogant, boastful, inventors of new forms of evil, ^bdisobedient and disrespectful to parents, 31 without understanding, untrustworthy, ^aunloving, unmerciful without pity. 32 Although they know God’s righteous decree and His judgment, that those who do such things deserve ^adeath, yet they not only do them, but they ^beven enthusiastically approve and tolerate others who practice them.

Paul, a bond-servant of Christ Jesus, ^1acalled as an apostle, ^bset apart for ^cthe gospel of God, 2 which He ^apromised beforehand through His ^bprophets in the holy Scriptures, 3 concerning His Son, who was born ^aof a ¹descendant of David ^baccording to the flesh, 4 who was declared ^athe Son of God with power ¹by the resurrection from the dead, according to the ²Spirit of holiness, Jesus Christ our Lord, 5 through whom we have received grace and ^aapostleship ¹to bring about the ^bobedience of faith among ^call the Gentiles for His name’s sake, 6 among whom you also are the ^acalled of Jesus Christ;

7 to all who are ^abeloved of God in Rome, called as ^1bsaints: ^cGrace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.

8 First, ^aI thank my God through Jesus Christ ¹for you all, because ^byour faith is being proclaimed throughout the whole world. 9 For ^aGod, whom I ^bserve in my spirit in the preaching of the gospel of His Son, is my witness as to how unceasingly ^cI make mention of you, 10 always in my prayers making request, if perhaps now at last by ^athe will of God I may succeed in coming to you. 11 For ^aI long to see you so that I may impart some spiritual gift to you, that you may be ¹established; 12 that is, that I may be encouraged together with you while among you, each of us by the other’s faith, both yours and mine. 13 ^aI do not want you to be unaware, ^bbrethren, that often I ^chave planned to come to you (and have been prevented so far) so that I may obtain some ^dfruit among you also, even as among the rest of the Gentiles. 14 ^aI am ¹under obligation both to Greeks and to ^bbarbarians, both to the wise and to the foolish. 15 So, for my part, I am eager to ^apreach the gospel to you also who are in Rome.

16 For I am not ^aashamed of the gospel, for ^bit is the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes, to the ^cJew first and also to ^dthe Greek. 17 For in it ^athe righteousness of God is revealed ¹from faith to faith; as it is written, “^2bBUT THE RIGHTEOUS man SHALL LIVE BY FAITH.”

18 For ^athe wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men who ^bsuppress the truth ¹in unrighteousness, 19 because ^athat which is known about God is evident ¹within them; for God made it evident to them. 20 For ^asince the creation of the world His invisible attributes, His eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly seen, ^bbeing understood through what has been made, so that they are without excuse. 21 For even though they knew God, they did not ¹honor Him as God or give thanks, but they became ^afutile in their speculations, and their foolish heart was darkened. 22 ^aProfessing to be wise, they became fools, 23 and ^aexchanged the glory of the incorruptible God for an image in the form of corruptible man and of birds and four-footed animals and ¹crawling creatures.

24 Therefore ^aGod gave them over in the lusts of their hearts to impurity, so that their bodies would be ^bdishonored among them. 25 For they exchanged the truth of God for ¹a ^alie, and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, ^bwho is blessed ²forever. Amen.

26 For this reason ^aGod gave them over to ^bdegrading passions; for their women exchanged the natural function for that which is ¹unnatural, 27 and in the same way also the men abandoned the natural function of the woman and burned in their desire toward one another, ^amen with men committing ¹indecent acts and receiving in ²their own persons the due penalty of their error.

28 And just as they did not see fit ¹to acknowledge God any longer, ^aGod gave them over to a depraved mind, to do those things which are not proper, 29 being filled with all unrighteousness, wickedness, greed, evil; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, malice; they are ^agossips, 30 slanderers, ^1ahaters of God, insolent, arrogant, boastful, inventors of evil, ^bdisobedient to parents, 31 without understanding, untrustworthy, ^aunloving, unmerciful; 32 and although they know the ordinance of God, that those who practice such things are worthy of ^adeath, they not only do the same, but also ^bgive hearty approval to those who practice them.