Howalonelysits the cityThat was bgreat with people!She has become like a cwidowWho was oncedgreat among the nations!She who was a princess among the 1provincesHas become a eforcedlaborer!Or districtsIs 3:26Is 22:2Is 54:41 Kin 4:21; Ezra 4:20; Jer 31:72 Kin 23:35; Jer 40:9
ב — Beth
2 She aweepsbitterly in the night,And her tears are on her cheeks;She hasnone to comfort herAmongall her blovers.All her friends have cdealttreacherously with her;They have become her enemies.Ps 6:6; 77:2-6; Lam 1:16Jer 2:25; 3:1; 22:20-22Job 19:13, 14; Ps 31:11; Mic 7:5
ג — Gimel
3 aJudah has goneintoexilebecause of afflictionAnd because of greatslavery;She sitsbamong the nations,But she has foundnorest;Allcher pursuers have overtaken herIn the midst of 1distress.Or narrow placesJer 13:19Lev 26:39; Deut 28:64-672 Kin 25:4, 5
ד — Daleth
4 The roads1of Zion are in mourningBecauseano one comes to the appointedtimes.All her gates are bdesolate;Her priests are sighing,Her cvirgins are grieving,And she herself2isdbitter.Or toOr suffers bitterlyIs 24:4-6; Lam 2:6, 7Jer 9:11; 10:22Lam 2:10, 21Joel 1:8-13
ה — He
5 Her adversaries have become1her masters;Her enemiesarecomplacent;For 2Yahweh has acaused her griefBecause of the greatness of her transgressions;Her infants have gone awayAs captivesbefore the adversary.Lit headThe personal covenant name of God, a form of I AM WHO I AM, cf. Ex 3:14-15Ps 90:7, 8; Ezek 8:17, 18; 9:9, 10
ו — Vav
6 So all her amajestyHas goneout from the daughter of Zion;Her princes have become like deerThat have foundnopasture;So they have 1bfledwithoutstrengthBefore the pursuer.Lit goneJer 13:182 Kin 25:4, 5
ז — Zayin
7 In the days of her affliction and homelessnessaJerusalemremembersall her preciousthingsThat were from the days of old,When her peoplefell into the hand of the adversaryAnd bnoonehelped her.The adversariessaw her;They claughed at her 1ruin.Lit cessationPs 42:4; 77:5-9Jer 37:7; Lam 4:17Ps 79:4; Jer 48:27
ח — Heth
8 Jerusalemsinnedagreatly;Thereforebshe has become an impurething.All who honored her despise herBecause they have seen her nakedness;Evencshe herselfsighs and turnsaway.Is 59:2-13; Lam 1:5, 20Lam 1:17Lam 1:11, 21, 22
ט — Teth
9 Her auncleanness was in her skirts;She did not remember her bfuture.Therefore she has cgonedownastonishingly;dShe hasnocomforter.“eSee, O Yahweh, my affliction,For the enemy has fmagnified himself!”Jer 2:34; Ezek 24:13Deut 32:29; Is 47:7Is 3:8; Jer 13:17, 18Eccl 4:1; Jer 16:7Ps 25:18; 119:153Ps 74:23; Zeph 2:10
י — Yodh
10 The adversary has stretchedout his handOverall her desirablethings,For she has seen the anationsenter her sanctuary,The ones whom You commandedThat they should bnot enter into Your assembly.Ps 74:4-8; Is 64:10, 11; Jer 51:51Deut 23:3
כ — Kaph
11 All her people are sighing, aseekingbread;They have given their desirablethings for foodTo brestoretheirsouls.“See, O Yahweh, and look,For I amcdespised.”Jer 38:9; 52:61 Sam 30:12Jer 15:19
ל — Lamedh
12 “Is ait nothing to all you who pass this way?Look and seeifthereisany1pain like my 2painWhich was dealtseverely to me,WhichbYahwehgrievedme with on the day of His cburninganger.Or sorrowJer 18:16; 48:27Jer 30:23, 24Is 13:13; Jer 4:8
מ — Mem
13 “From on high He sentfire into my abones,And it dominatedthem.He has spread a bnet for my feet;He has turned me back;He has made me cdesolate,1Faintallday long.Or SickJob 30:30; Ps 22:14; Hab 3:16Job 19:6; Ps 66:11Jer 44:6
נ — Nun
14 “The ayoke of my transgressions is bound;By His hand they are knittogether.They have bcome upon my neck;He has made my strengthstumble.The Lordchas given me into the handsOf thoseagainstwhom I am not able to stand.Prov 5:22; Is 47:6Jer 28:13, 14Jer 32:3, 5; Ezek 25:4, 7
ס — Samekh
15 “The aLord has rejectedall my mightymenIn my midst;He has called an appointedtimeagainst meTo break my byoungmen;The Lord has ctroddenasin a winepressThe virgindaughter of Judah.Is 41:2; Jer 13:24; 37:10Jer 6:11; 18:21Mal 4:3
ע — Ayin
16 “For thesethings I aam weeping;1My eyesrundown with water;Becausefar from me is a bcomforter,One who restores my soul.My children are desolateBecause the enemy has prevailed.”Lit My eye, my eyeJer 14:17; Lam 2:11, 18; 3:48, 49Ps 69:20; Eccl 4:1; Lam 1:2
פ — Pe
17 Zionastretchesout her hands;Thereisnoone to comfort her;Yahweh has bcommanded concerning JacobThat the ones roundabout him should be his adversaries;cJerusalem has become an impurethingamong them.Is 1:15; Jer 4:312 Kin 24:2-4; Jer 12:9Lam 1:8
צ — Tsadhe
18 “Yahweh is arighteous;For I have brebelledagainst His 1command;Hearnow, allpeoples,And cbehold my 2pain;dMy virgins and my youngmenHave gone into captivity.Lit mouthOr sorrowPs 119:75; Jer 12:11 Sam 12:14, 15; Jer 4:17Lam 1:12Deut 28:32, 41
ק — Qoph
19 “I acalled to my lovers, but they deceived me;My bpriests and my eldersbreathed their last in the cityWhile they soughtfood for themselves in order to crestore their souls.Job 19:13-19; Lam 1:2Jer 14:15; Lam 2:20Lam 1:11
ר — Resh
20 “See, O Yahweh, for I amindistress;My 1ainmostbeing is greatlydisturbed;My heart is overturnedwithin me,For I have been verybrebellious.In the street the swordbereaves;In the house it is like death.Lit inward parts are in fermentIs 16:11; Lam 2:11Jer 14:20
ש — Shin
21 “They have heard that I aam sighing;Thereisnoone to comfort me;All my enemies have heard of the 1evildoneto me;They brejoice that You have doneit.You have brought the day which You have proclaimed,So that they will becomeclike me.Or calamityLam 1:4, 8, 22Ps 35:15; Jer 50:11; Lam 2:15Is 14:5, 6; 47:6, 11; Jer 30:16
ת — Tav
22 “Let all their evilcomebefore You;And adealseverely with them as You have dealtseverely with meFor all my transgressions;For my groans are great and my heart is faint.”Neh 4:4, 5; Ps 137:7, 8
Howalonelysits the cityThat was bfull of people!She has become like a cwidowWho was oncedgreat among the nations!She who was a princess among the 1provincesHas become a eforcedlaborer!Or districtsIs 3:26Is 22:2Is 54:41 Kin 4:21; Ezra 4:20; Jer 31:72 Kin 23:35; Jer 40:92 She aweepsbitterly in the nightAnd her tears are on her cheeks;She hasnone to comfort herAmongall her blovers.All her friends have cdealttreacherously with her;They have become her enemies.Ps 6:6; 77:2-6; Lam 1:16Jer 2:25; 3:1; 22:20-22Job 19:13, 14; Ps 31:11; Mic 7:53 aJudah has gone into exile1underafflictionAnd 2under3harshservitude;She dwellsbamong the nations,But she has foundnorest;Allcher pursuers have overtaken herIn the midst of 4distress.Or by reason ofLit greatOr narrow placesJer 13:19Lev 26:39; Deut 28:64-672 Kin 25:4, 54 The roads1of Zion are in mourningBecauseano one comes to the appointedfeasts.All her gates are bdesolate;Her priests are groaning,Her cvirgins are afflicted,And she herself2is dbitter.Or toOr suffers bitterlyIs 24:4-6; Lam 2:6, 7Jer 9:11; 10:22Lam 2:10, 21Joel 1:8-135 Her adversaries have become1her masters,Her enemies2prosper;For the LORD has acaused her griefBecause of the multitude of her transgressions;Her littleones have gone awayAs captivesbefore the adversary.Lit headOr are at easePs 90:7, 8; Ezek 8:17, 18; 9:9, 106 All her amajestyHas departed from the daughter of Zion;Her princes have become like deerThat have foundnopasture;And they have 1bfledwithoutstrengthBefore the pursuer.Lit goneJer 13:182 Kin 25:4, 57 In the days of her affliction and homelessnessaJerusalemremembersall her preciousthingsThat were from the days of old,When her peoplefell into the hand of the adversaryAnd bnoonehelped her.The adversariessaw her,They cmocked at her 1ruin.Lit cessationPs 42:4; 77:5-9Jer 37:7; Lam 4:17Ps 79:4; Jer 48:278 Jerusalemsinnedagreatly,Thereforebshe has become an uncleanthing.All who honored her despise herBecause they have seen her nakedness;Evencshe herselfgroans and turnsaway.Is 59:2-13; Lam 1:5, 20Lam 1:17Lam 1:11, 21, 229 Her auncleanness was in her skirts;She 1did not consider her bfuture.Therefore she has 2cfallenastonishingly;dShe hasnocomforter.“eSee, O LORD, my affliction,For the enemy has fmagnified himself!”Lit did not remember her latter endLit come downJer 2:34; Ezek 24:13Deut 32:29; Is 47:7Is 3:8; Jer 13:17, 18Eccl 4:1; Jer 16:7Ps 25:18; 119:153Ps 74:23; Zeph 2:1010 The adversary has stretched out his handOverall her preciousthings,For she has seen the anationsenter her sanctuary,The ones whom You commandedThat they should bnot enter into Your congregation.Ps 74:4-8; Is 64:10, 11; Jer 51:51Deut 23:311 All her peoplegroanaseekingbread;They have given their preciousthings for foodTo brestore their 1lives themselves.“See, O LORD, and look,For I amcdespised.”Lit soulJer 38:9; 52:61 Sam 30:12Jer 15:1912 “Is ait nothing to all you who pass this way?Look and seeifthere is any1pain like my 2painWhich was severelydealt out to me,Which the bLORDinflicted on the day of His cfierceanger.Or sorrowJer 18:16; 48:27Jer 30:23, 24Is 13:13; Jer 4:813 “From on high He sentfire into my abones,And it 1prevailedoverthem.He has spread a bnet for my feet;He has turned me back;He has made me cdesolate,2Faintallday long.Or descended, overthrewOr SickJob 30:30; Ps 22:14; Hab 3:16Job 19:6; Ps 66:11Jer 44:614 “The ayoke of my transgressions is bound;By His hand they are knittogether.They have bcome upon my neck;He has made my strength1fail.The Lordchas given me into the handsOf thoseagainstwhom I am not able to stand.Lit stumbleProv 5:22; Is 47:6Jer 28:13, 14Jer 32:3, 5; Ezek 25:4, 715 “The aLord has rejectedall my strongmenIn my midst;He has called an appointed1timeagainst meTo crush my byoungmen;The Lord has ctroddenasin a winepressThe virgindaughter of Judah.Or feastIs 41:2; Jer 13:24; 37:10Jer 6:11; 18:21Mal 4:316 “For thesethings I aweep;1My eyesrundown with water;Becausefar from me is a bcomforter,One who restores my soul.My children are desolateBecause the enemy has prevailed.”Lit My eye, my eyeJer 14:17; Lam 2:11, 18; 3:48, 49Ps 69:20; Eccl 4:1; Lam 1:217 Zionastretches out her hands;There is noone to comfort her;The LORD has bcommanded concerning JacobThat the ones roundabout him should be his adversaries;cJerusalem has become an uncleanthingamong them.Is 1:15; Jer 4:312 Kin 24:2-4; Jer 12:9Lam 1:818 “The LORD is arighteous;For I have brebelledagainst His 1command;Hearnow, allpeoples,And cbehold my 2pain;dMy virgins and my youngmenHave gone into captivity.Lit mouthOr sorrowPs 119:75; Jer 12:11 Sam 12:14, 15; Jer 4:17Lam 1:12Deut 28:32, 4119 “I acalled to my lovers, but they deceived me;My bpriests and my eldersperished in the cityWhile they soughtfood to crestore1their strength themselves.Lit their soulJob 19:13-19; Lam 1:2Jer 14:15; Lam 2:20Lam 1:1120 “See, O LORD, for I am in distress;My 1aspirit is greatlytroubled;My heart is overturnedwithin me,For I have been verybrebellious.In the street the sword2slays;In the house it is like death.Lit inward parts are in fermentLit bereavesIs 16:11; Lam 2:11Jer 14:2021 “They have heard that I agroan;There is noone to comfort me;All my enemies have heard of my 1calamity;They are bglad that You have doneit.Oh, that You would bring the day which You have proclaimed,That they may becomeclike me.Lit evilLam 1:4, 8, 22Ps 35:15; Jer 50:11; Lam 2:15Is 14:5, 6; 47:6, 11; Jer 30:1622 “Let all their wickednesscomebefore You;And adeal with them as You have dealt with meFor all my transgressions;For my groans are many and my heart is faint.”Neh 4:4, 5; Ps 137:7, 8
Howalonelysits the cityThat once had bmanypeople!She has become like a cwidowWhowasoncedgreat among the nations!Shewhowas a princess among the 1provincesHas become a eforcedlaborer!Or districtsIs 3:26Is 22:2Is 54:41 Kin 4:21; Ezra 4:20; Jer 31:72 Kin 23:35; Jer 40:92 She aweepsbitterly in the night,And her tears are on her cheeks;She hasnoone to comfort herAmongall her blovers.All her friends have cdealttreacherously with her;They have become her enemies.Ps 6:6; 77:2-6; Lam 1:16Jer 2:25; 3:1; 22:20-22Job 19:13, 14; Ps 31:11; Mic 7:53 aJudah has goneintoexileout of afflictionAnd 1harshservitude;She livesbamong the nations,But she has not found a restingplace;All those who cpursued her have overtaken herIn the midst of 2distress.Lit greatOr narrow placesJer 13:19Lev 26:39; Deut 28:64-672 Kin 25:4, 54 The roads1of Zion are in mourningBecauseano one comes to an appointedfeast.All her gates are bdeserted;Her priestsgroan,Her cvirgins are worried,And as for Zionherself, it isdbitter for her.Or toIs 24:4-6; Lam 2:6, 7Jer 9:11; 10:22Lam 2:10, 21Joel 1:8-135 Her adversaries have become1her masters,Her enemiesare2secure;For the LORD has 3acaused her griefBecause of the multitude of her wrongdoings;Her littleones have gone awayAs captives4led by the enemy.Lit headOr at easeOr tormented herLit beforePs 90:7, 8; Ezek 8:17, 18; 9:9, 106 All of her asplendorIs gone from the daughter of Zion;Her leaders have become like deerThat have foundnopasture,And they have 1bfledwithoutstrength2From the pursuer.Lit goneLit BeforeJer 13:182 Kin 25:4, 57 In the days of her affliction and homelessnessaJerusalemremembersall her treasuresThat were herssince the days of old,When her peoplefell into the hand of the adversaryAnd bnoonehelped her.The adversariessaw her,They claughed at her 1ruin.Lit cessationPs 42:4; 77:5-9Jer 37:7; Lam 4:17Ps 79:4; Jer 48:278 Jerusalemsinnedagreatly,Thereforebshe has become an 1objectofridicule.All who honored her despise herBecause they have seen her nakedness;Evencshe herselfgroans and turnsaway.Or abominationIs 59:2-13; Lam 1:5, 20Lam 1:17Lam 1:11, 21, 229 Her auncleanness was in her garment’sseams;She did not 1think of her bfuture.So she has 2cfallen in an astonishingway;dShe hasnocomforter.“eSee, LORD, my affliction,For the enemy has 3fhonored himself!”Or remember her final endLit gone downOr boastedJer 2:34; Ezek 24:13Deut 32:29; Is 47:7Is 3:8; Jer 13:17, 18Eccl 4:1; Jer 16:7Ps 25:18; 119:153Ps 74:23; Zeph 2:1010 The adversary has stretchedout his handOverall her preciousthings,For she has seen the anationsenter her sanctuary,The ones whom You commandedThat they were bnot to enter Your congregation.Ps 74:4-8; Is 64:10, 11; Jer 51:51Deut 23:311 All her peoplegroan, aseekingbread;They have given their treasures for foodTo brestore their 1lives.“See, LORD, and look,For I amcdespised.”Lit soulJer 38:9; 52:61 Sam 30:12Jer 15:1912 “Isitanothing to all you who passthisway?Look and seeifthereisanypain like my painWhich was inflicted on me,With which the bLORDtormentedme on the day of His cfierceanger.Jer 18:16; 48:27Jer 30:23, 24Is 13:13; Jer 4:813 “From 1the height He sentfire into my abones,And it dominatedthem.He has spread a bnet for my feet;He has turned me back;He has made me cdesolate,2Faintallday long.I.e., heavenOr SickJob 30:30; Ps 22:14; Hab 3:16Job 19:6; Ps 66:11Jer 44:614 “The ayoke of my wrongdoings is bound;By His hand they are woventogether.They have bcome upon my neck;He has made my strength1fail.The Lordchas handed me overTo thoseagainstwhom I am not able to stand.Lit falterProv 5:22; Is 47:6Jer 28:13, 14Jer 32:3, 5; Ezek 25:4, 715 “The aLord has thrownawayall my strongmenIn my midst;He has called an appointed1timeagainst meTo crush my byoungmen;The Lord has ctroddenasin a winepressThe virgindaughter of Judah.Another reading is feastIs 41:2; Jer 13:24; 37:10Jer 6:11; 18:21Mal 4:316 “For thesethings I aweep;1My eyesrundown with water;Becausefar from me is a bcomforter,One to restore my soul.My children are desolateBecause the enemy has prevailed.”Lit My eye, my eyeJer 14:17; Lam 2:11, 18; 3:48, 49Ps 69:20; Eccl 4:1; Lam 1:217 Zionastretchesout with her hands;Thereisnoone to comfort her;The LORD has bcommanded regarding JacobThat those around him become his adversaries;cJerusalem has become a filthythingamong them.Is 1:15; Jer 4:312 Kin 24:2-4; Jer 12:9Lam 1:818 “The LORD is arighteous,For I have brebelledagainst His 1command;Hearnow, allpeoples,And csee my pain;dMy virgins and my youngmenHave gone into captivity.Lit mouthPs 119:75; Jer 12:11 Sam 12:14, 15; Jer 4:17Lam 1:12Deut 28:32, 4119 “I acalled to my lovers, but they deserted me;My bpriests and my eldersperished in the cityWhile they soughtfood to crestore their 1strength themselves.Lit soulJob 19:13-19; Lam 1:2Jer 14:15; Lam 2:20Lam 1:1120 “See, LORD, for I amindistress;My 1aspirit is greatlytroubled;My heart is overturnedwithin me,For I have been verybrebellious.In the street the sword has madewomenchildless;In the house it is like death.Lit inward parts are in fermentIs 16:11; Lam 2:11Jer 14:2021 “They have heard that I agroan;Thereisnoone to comfort me,All my enemies have heard of my disaster;They are bjoyful that You have doneit.Oh, that You would bring the day which You have proclaimed,So that they will becomeclike me.Lam 1:4, 8, 22Ps 35:15; Jer 50:11; Lam 2:15Is 14:5, 6; 47:6, 11; Jer 30:1622 “May all their wickednesscomebefore You;And adeal with them justas You have dealt with meFor all my wrongdoings.For my groans are many and my heart is faint.”Neh 4:4, 5; Ps 137:7, 8