aIn those days 1John the Baptist appeared, bpreaching in the cWilderness of Judea along the western side of the Dead Sea and saying,Considered the last of the Old Testament prophets, John the Baptist was the son of Zecharias (Zechariah) the priest and his wife, Elizabeth. Elizabeth and Mary, the mother of Jesus, were related (Luke 1:36), and Mary may have been with Elizabeth at the time John was born (Luke 1:56). John the Baptist is not to be confused with John the Apostle who along with his brother, James, was among the twelve disciples of Jesus.Matt 3:1-12: <IT>Mark 1:3-8; Luke 3:2-17; </IT> John 1:6-8, 19-28Matt 11:11-14; 16:14Josh 15:61; Judg 1:16 2 “1aRepent change your inner self—your old way of thinking, regret past sins, live your life in a way that proves repentance; seek God’s purpose for your life, for bthe kingdom of heaven is at hand.”Jews believed they would automatically be granted entrance into the Messianic kingdom, so this new teaching that repentance was required was very difficult to accept.Matt 4:17Dan 2:44; Matt 4:17, 23; 6:10; 10:7; Mark 1:15; Luke 10:9f; 11:20; 21:31 3 This is athe one who was mentioned by the prophet Isaiah when he said,“bTHE VOICE OF ONE SHOUTING IN THE WILDERNESS,‘cPREPARE THE ROAD FOR THE LORD,1MAKE HIS HIGHWAYS STRAIGHT !’” Is 40:3A ruler or nobleman traveling in the wilderness would have a crew of workmen preparing and clearing the road ahead of him. In spiritual terms, the message was clearing the way for the arrival of the Messiah by preparing the hearts of His followers.Luke 1:17, 76Is 40:3John 1:23 4 Now this same John had aclothing made of camel’s hair and a wide leather 1band around his waist; and his food was blocusts and wild honey. Lev 11:22; 2+@Kin 1:8; Zech 13:4This band (sash, girdle) was about six inches wide and had clasps or fasteners in front. It was used to carry personal items such as a dagger, money or other necessary things.2 Kin 1:8; Zech 13:4; Matt 11:8; Mark 1:6Lev 11:22 5 At that time Jerusalem awas going out to him, and all Judea and all bthe district around the Jordan;Mark 1:5Luke 3:3 6 and they were abeing baptized by him in the Jordan River, as they confessed their sins.Matt 3:11, 13-16; Mark 1:5; John 1:25, 26; 3:23; Acts 1:5; 2:38-41; 10:37
7 But when he saw many of the 1aPharisees and 2bSadducees coming for baptism, he said to them, “You cbrood of vipers, who warned you to flee from dthe divine wrath and judgment to come?The Pharisees identified with the common people and had control over them. They were prominent legalistic leaders in Judaism who were experts in Mosaic Law and its rituals and traditions. They believed in the resurrection of the dead, immortality of the soul and in the existence of angels and spirits.The Sadducees were aristocratic members of a priestly group (religious party) who controlled the temple. They denied the possibility of a resurrection and the existence of any spiritual beings apart from God. Although the Sadducees were in the minority, they were leaders of the Sanhedrin, controlling the Jewish High Court.Matt 16:1ff; 23:13, 15Matt 22:23; Acts 4:1; 5:17; 23:6ffMatt 12:34; 23:331 Thess 1:10 8 So aproduce fruit that is bconsistent with repentance demonstrating new behavior that proves a change of heart, and a conscious decision to turn away from sin;Luke 3:8; Eph 5:8, 9Acts 26:20 9 and do not presume to say to yourselves as a defense, ‘aWe have Abraham for our father so our inheritance assures us of salvation’; for I say to you that from these stones God is able to raise up children for Abraham. Luke 3:8Luke 3:8; 16:24; John 8:33, 39, 53; Acts 13:26; Rom 4:1; 9:7, 8; Gal 3:29 10 And already the aaxe of God’s judgment is 1swinging toward the root of the trees; therefore bevery tree that does not bear good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire.Lit laid at.Luke 3:9Ps 92:12-14; Matt 7:19; John 15:2
11 “aAs for me, I baptize you 1with water because of your repentance that is, because you are willing to change your inner self—your old way of thinking, regret your sin and live a changed life, but He who is coming after me is mightier more powerful, more noble than I, whose sandals I am not worthy to remove even as His slave; bHe will baptize you who truly repent with the Holy Spirit and you who remain unrepentant with 2fire . Luke 3:16The Greek here can be translated in, with, or by.Another view of “fire” purports that the text refers to the fiery baptism of the Holy Spirit, not judgment. According to this view the fire indicates that the believer is purified as in the refining of gold. Fire burns up the impurities and the gold (the believer) survives (cf 1 Cor 3:12, 13; James 1:3). The Holy Spirit promised here has been associated with Pentecost, purification, testing, and judgment. Each person who accepts Jesus is filled with the Holy Spirit (Acts 1:5-8).Mark 1:4, 8; Luke 3:16; John 1:26f; Acts 1:5; 8:36, 38; 11:16John 1:33; Acts 2:3, 4; Titus 3:5 12 His 1awinnowing fork is in His hand, and He will thoroughly clear out His threshing floor; and He will bgather His wheat into His barn , but He will burn up the cchaff with dunquenchable fire.”A tool roughly resembling a pitchfork, used to separate grains of wheat from the chaff by throwing the wheat into the air, and allowing the wind to blow away the lighter chaff.Is 30:24; 41:16; Jer 15:7; 51:2; Luke 3:17Matt 13:30Ps 1:4Is 66:24; Jer 7:20; Matt 13:41, 42; Mark 9:43, 48
13 aThen Jesus came bfrom Galilee to John at the Jordan River, to be baptized by him. Mark 1:9-11; Luke 3:21, 22; John 1:32Matt 3:13-17: <IT>Mark 1:9-11; Luke 3:21, 22; </IT> John 1:31-34Matt 2:22 14 But John tried to prevent Him vigorously protesting, saying, “It is I who need to be baptized by You, and do You come to me?” 15 But Jesus replied to him, “Permit it just now; for this is the fitting way for us 1ato fulfill all righteousness.” Then John permitted it and baptized Him.This act of baptism identified Jesus with sinners whose sins He would ultimately bear, and to whom His righteousness would be imparted.Ps 40:7, 8; John 4:34; 8:29 16 After Jesus was baptized, He came up immediately out of the water; and behold, the heavens were opened, and ahe saw the 1Spirit of God descending as a dove and lighting on Him , John 1:32The descent of the Holy Spirit identified Jesus in His humanity for His ministry as the Messiah.Mark 1:10; Luke 3:22; John 1:32; Acts 7:56 17 and behold, a 1voice from heaven said, “aThis is My beloved Son, in whom I am well-pleased and delighted!” Ps 2:7; Is 42:1This is the first instance recorded in the Gospels of the Father speaking audibly to His Son. Also see Matt 17:5; Mark 1:11; 9:7; Luke 3:22; 9:35; John 12:28.Ps 2:7; Is 42:1; Matt 12:18; 17:5; Mark 9:7; Luke 9:35; John 12:28