Belshazzar the king who was a descendant of Nebuchadnezzar gave a great afeast for a thousand of his nobles, and he was drinking his wine in the presence of the thousand guests.Esth 1:3; Is 22:12-14 2 Belshazzar, as he tasted the wine, gave a command to bring in the gold and silver avessels which his 1father Nebuchadnezzar had taken out of the 2temple which was in Jerusalem, so that the king and his nobles, his wives and his 3concubines might drink from them.This Aramaic word (see note 2:4) may also mean “ancestor” (see vv 11, 13, 18).Gold utensils had been used in the temple building itself, and silver utensils had originally been stored in the “treasuries of the house of God” (2 Chr 5:1).See note Gen 22:24.2 Kin 24:13; 25:15; Ezra 1:7-11; Dan 1:2 3 Then they brought in the gold and silver vessels that had been taken out of the temple, the house of God which was in Jerusalem; and the king and his nobles, his wives and his concubines drank from them. 4 They adrank the wine and praised the gods of bgold and silver, of bronze, iron, wood and stone.Is 42:8; Dan 5:23; Rev 9:20Ps 115:4; 135:15; Is 40:19, 20; Dan 3:1; Hab 2:19
5 Suddenly the fingers of a man’s hand appeared and began writing opposite the lampstand on a well-lit area of the plaster of the wall of the king’s palace, and the king saw the part of the hand that did the writing. 6 Then the king’s aface grew pale, and his thoughts alarmed him; the bjoints and muscles of his hips and back weakened and his cknees began knocking together.Dan 5:9, 10; 7:28Ps 69:23Ezek 7:17; 21:7; Nah 2:10 7 The king called aloud to bring in the aenchanters , the Chaldeans who were master astrologers and the diviners. The king said to the wise men of Babylon, “Whoever can read this writing and explain its interpretation to me shall be bclothed with purple and have a cchain of gold put around his neck, and have authority as the 1dthird ruler in the kingdom.”Nabonidus was first, Belshazzar, his son, was second.Is 44:25; 47:13; Dan 4:6, 7; 5:11, 15Gen 41:42-44; Dan 5:16, 29Ezek 16:11Dan 2:48; 5:16, 29; 6:2, 3 8 Then all the king’s wise men came in, but athey could not 1read the writing or reveal to the king its interpretation.In light of what Daniel says in v 25, it is hard to escape the conclusion that for some reason the letters were unreadable to the wise men. The ancient rabbis speculated that the words were written in some kind of code that had to be deciphered. Among the suggestions were reversing the order of the letters (e.g. ENM for MENE etc.) and an elaborate puzzle in which the letters of each word were separated and spread out to form three senseless words: “MMTUS NNKFE EELRN” (“M…N…E” etc.).Gen 41:8; Dan 2:27; 4:7; 5:15 9 Then King Belshazzar was greatly aperplexed, his bface became even paler, and his nobles were bewildered and alarmed.Job 18:11; Is 21:2-4; Jer 6:24; Dan 2:1; 5:6Is 13:6-8
10 Now the queen mother, overhearing the excited words of the king and his nobles, came into the banquet area. The queen mother spoke and said, “aO king, live forever! Do not be alarmed at your thoughts or let your face be changed.Dan 3:9; 6:6 11 There is a aman in your kingdom in whom is 1a bspirit of the holy gods; and in the days of your father, illumination, understanding and wisdom like the wisdom of the gods were found in him. And 2King Nebuchadnezzar, your father—your father cthe king, appointed him chief of the magicians, enchanters, Chaldeans and diviners.Or possibly the Spirit of the Holy God, and so throughout the chapter.Twenty-three years have passed since Nebuchadnezzar’s death in 562 B.C.Gen 41:11-15; Dan 2:47Dan 4:8, 9, 18; 5:14Dan 2:48 12 It was because an aextraordinary spirit, knowledge and insight, the ability to interpret dreams, clarify riddles, and solve complex problems were found in this Daniel, whom the king named bBelteshazzar. Now let Daniel be called and he will give the interpretation.”Dan 5:14; 6:3Dan 1:7; 4:8
13 Then Daniel was brought in before the king. And the king said to Daniel, “Are you that Daniel who is one of the sons of the aexiles of Judah, whom my father the king bbrought from Judah?Ezra 4:1; 6:16, 19, 20; Dan 2:25; 6:13Dan 1:1, 2 14 I have heard of you, that a spirit of the gods is in you, and that illumination, insight, and extraordinary wisdom have been found in you. 15 Now the awise men and the enchanters, were brought in before me so that they might read this writing and reveal its meaning to me, but they bcould not give the interpretation of the message.Dan 5:7Is 47:12f; Dan 5:8 16 But I personally have heard about you, that you are able to make interpretations and solve complex problems. Now if you are able to read the writing and reveal its ainterpretation to me, you shall be bclothed with purple and have a chain of gold put around your neck, and you shall have authority as the third ruler in the kingdom.”Gen 40:8Dan 5:7, 29
17 Then Daniel answered and said before the king, “Keep your agifts for yourself and give your rewards to someone else; however, I will read the writing to the king and reveal the interpretation to him.2 Kin 5:16 18 O king, the aMost High God bgave Nebuchadnezzar your father a kingdom and cgreatness and glory and majesty;Dan 4:2; 5:21Dan 2:37, 38; 4:17Jer 25:9; 27:5-7 19 and because of the greatness that He gave him, all the peoples, nations, and speakers of every language trembled and feared him. aWhomever he wished he killed, and whomever he wished he kept alive; whomever he wished he promoted and whomever he wished he humbled.Dan 2:12, 13; 3:6; 11:3, 16, 36 20 But when his heart was alifted up and his spirit became so bproud that he behaved arrogantly, he was cdeposed from his royal throne and his glory was taken away from him.Ex 9:17; Job 15:25; Is 14:13-15; Dan 4:30, 312 Kin 17:14; 2 Chr 36:13Job 40:11, 12; Jer 13:18 21 He was also adriven from mankind, and his mind was made like that of an animal, and his dwelling place was with the bwild donkeys. He was given grass to eat like cattle, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven until he came to know without any doubt that the cMost High God rules over the kingdom of mankind and He appoints it to whomever He wills.Job 30:3-7; Dan 4:32, 33Job 39:5-8Ex 9:14-16; Ps 83:17, 18; Ezek 17:24; Dan 4:17, 34, 35 22 And you, his 1son, O Belshazzar, have anot humbled your heart , even though you knew all this.The Aramaic (see note 2:4) word may also mean “grandson” or “descendant.”Ex 10:3; 2 Chr 33:23; 36:12 23 And you have aexalted yourself against the bLord of heaven, and the vessels of His house have been brought before you, and you and your nobles, your wives and your concubines have been drinking wine from them; and you have praised the cgods of silver and gold, of bronze, iron, wood and stone, which do not see or hear or understand. But the God who holds din His hand your breath of life and your eways you have not honored and glorified but have dishonored and defied.2 Kin 14:10; Is 2:12; 37:23; Jer 50:29; Dan 5:3, 4Dan 4:37Ps 115:4-8; Is 37:19; Hab 2:18, 19Job 12:10Job 31:4; Ps 139:3; Prov 20:24; Jer 10:23 24 Then the ahand was sent from the presence of the Most High God, and this inscription was written:Dan 5:5
25 “This is the 1inscription that was written, ‘MENE, MENE, TEKEL, UPHARSIN numbered, numbered, weighed, and divided.’These words are ordinary Aramaic from that time, so some commentators have speculated that the wise men recognized them but just could not put them into orderly sentences. Yet here Daniel seems to clearly “read” the words simply by pronouncing them in Aramaic (cf note v 8). His interpretation (vv 26-28) goes far beyond what the simple words mean by themselves. 26 This is the interpretation of the message: ‘MENE’—God has numbered the days of your kingdom and aput an end to it;Is 13:6, 17-19; Jer 50:41-43 27 ‘TEKEL’—you have been aweighed on the scales of righteousness and found deficient;Job 31:6; Ps 62:9 28 ‘1PERES’—2your kingdom has been divided and given over to the aMedes and 3Persians.”The singular of UPHARSIN (see v 25).Foretold in Is 21:2, 5, 9.Aram Paras.Is 13:17; 21:2; 45:1, 2; Dan 5:31; 6:8, 28; Acts 2:9
29 Then Belshazzar gave the command, and Daniel was aclothed with purple and a chain of gold was put around his neck, and a proclamation concerning him was issued declaring that he now had authority as the third ruler in the kingdom.Dan 5:7, 16
30 During that same 1night aBelshazzar the last Chaldean king was bslain by troops of the 2invading army.The 16th of Tishri (October 12, 539 B.C.).The Persian army had been outside the walls of Babylon for some time, but waited until this time of national feasting before invading.Dan 5:1, 2Is 21:4-9; 47:9; Jer 51:11, 31, 39, 57 31 aSo 1Darius the Mede received the kingdom; he was about the age of sixty-two.Some scholars believe “Darius” may be a title rather than a proper name and in this context refers either to Cyrus the Great, king of Persia, who conquered Babylon or (more likely) to Gubaru, Cyrus’ commander who led the nighttime attack on the city and was appointed governor of the Babylonian territories.Dan 6:1; 9:1