aThen it happened in the spring, 1bat the time when the kings go out to battle, that David sent Joab and his servants with him, and all the fighting men of Israel, and they destroyed the Ammonites and cbesieged Rabbah. But David remained in Jerusalem.I.e. after the spring harvest provisions for the armies were plentiful.1 Chr 20:12 Sam 10:14; 1 Kin 20:22, 262 Sam 12:26-29; Jer 49:2, 3; Amos 1:14
2 One evening David got up from his couch and was walking on athe flat 1roof of the king’s palace, and from there he saw a woman bathing; and she was very beautiful in appearance.In middle eastern homes the roof was often used as a living space or patio.Deut 22:8; 1 Sam 9:25; Matt 24:17; Acts 10:9 3 David sent word and inquired about the woman. Someone said, “Is this not aBathsheba, the daughter of Eliam, the wife of bUriah the Hittite?”1 Chr 3:52 Sam 23:39 4 David sent messengers and took her. When she came to him, ahe lay with her. bAnd 1when she was purified from her uncleanness, she returned to her house.This casual observation reflects the hypocrisy of David and Bathsheba’s sin. Evidently they both bathed and observed other ritual requirements of the Mosaic Law regarding sexual relations (Lev 15:18 etc.), as if that somehow mitigated the much graver sin of adultery. Both participants in adultery were to be punished by death (Lev 20:10).Ps 51: title; James 1:14, 15Lev 12:2-5; 15:18-28; 18:19 5 The woman conceived; and she sent word and told David, “aI am pregnant.”Lev 20:10; Deut 22:22
6 Then David sent word to Joab, saying, “Send me Uriah the Hittite.” So Joab sent Uriah to David. 7 When Uriah came to him, aDavid asked him 1how Joab was, how the people were doing, and how the war was progressing.In each of these inquiries the noun shalom is used.Gen 37:14; 1 Sam 17:22 8 Then David said to Uriah, “Go down to your house, and awash your feet .” Uriah left the king’s palace, and a 1gift from the king was sent out after him.The Hebrew word suggests food, but the actual nature of the gift is not specified.Gen 43:24; Luke 7:44 9 But Uriah slept aat the entrance of the king’s palace with all the servants of his lord, and did not go down to his house.1 Kin 14:27, 28 10 When they told David, “Uriah did not go down to his house,” David said to Uriah, “Have you not just come from a long journey? Why did you not go to your house?” 11 Uriah said to David, “aThe ark and Israel and Judah are staying in huts , and my lord Joab and bthe servants of my lord are camping in the open field. Should I go to my house to eat and drink and lie with my wife? By your life and the life of your soul, I will not do this thing.”2 Sam 7:2, 62 Sam 20:6 12 Then David said to Uriah, “aStay here today as well, and tomorrow I will let you leave.” So Uriah remained in Jerusalem that day and the next.Job 20:12-14 13 Now David called him to dinner, and he ate and drank with him, so that he 1amade Uriah drunk; in the evening he went out to lie on his bed bwith the servants of his lord, and still did not go down to his house.At this point David was hoping that Uriah’s drunkenness would make him forget his decision to stay with the troops, and that he would go home and have relations with his wife. David apparently thought that Bathsheba could later persuade Uriah that the child was his, even though she would be giving birth early.Prov 20:1; 23:29-352 Sam 11:9
14 In the morning David awrote a letter to Joab and sent it 1with Uriah.Lit by the hand of.1 Kin 21:8-10 15 aHe wrote in the letter, “Put Uriah in the front line of the heaviest fighting and leave him, so bthat he may be struck down and die.”Eccl 8:11; Jer 17:92 Sam 12:9 16 So it happened that as Joab was besieging the city, he assigned Uriah to the place where he knew the enemy’s valiant men were positioned. 17 And the men of the city came out and fought against Joab, and some of the people among the servants of David fell; aUriah the Hittite also died.2 Sam 11:21 18 Then Joab sent word and informed David of all the events of the war. 19 And he commanded the messenger, “When you have finished reporting all the events of the war to the king, 20 then if the king becomes angry and he says to you, ‘Why did you go so near to the city to fight? Did you not know that they would shoot arrows from the wall? 21 Who akilled Abimelech the son of Jerubbesheth ? Was it not a woman who threw an upper millstone on him from the wall so that he died at Thebez? Why did you go so near the wall?’ Then you shall say, ‘Your servant Uriah the Hittite is also dead.’” Judg 9:35, 53Judg 9:50-54
22 So the messenger left, and he came and told David everything that Joab had sent him to report. 23 The messenger said to David, “The men indeed prevailed against us and came out to us in the field, but we were on them and pushed them as far as the entrance of the city gate. 24 Then the archers shot at your servants from the wall. Some of the king’s servants are dead, and your servant Uriah the Hittite is also dead.” 25 Then David said to the messenger, “Tell Joab this, ‘Do not let this thing disturb you, for the sword devours one side as well as another. Strengthen your battle against the city and overthrow it’; and so encourage Joab.”
26 When Uriah’s wife Bathsheba heard that her husband Uriah was dead, ashe mourned for her husband.Gen 50:10; Deut 34:8; 1 Sam 31:13 27 And when the time of mourning was past, David sent word and had her brought to his house, and ashe became his wife and bore him a son. But bthe thing that David had done with Bathsheba was evil in the sight of the LORD.2 Sam 12:9Ps 51:4, 5