aNow Samuel died; and all Israel assembled and bmourned for him, and they cburied him at his house in Ramah. Then David left and went down to the dWilderness of Paran.1 Sam 28:3Num 20:29; Deut 34:82 Kin 21:18; 2 Chr 33:20Gen 21:21; Num 10:12; 13:3
2 Now there was a man in aMaon whose business and possessions were in bCarmel; and the man was very rich. He had three thousand sheep and a thousand goats, and che was shearing his sheep in Carmel1 Sam 23:24Josh 15:55Gen 38:13; 2 Sam 13:23 3 (now the man’s name was Nabal and his awife’s name was Abigail. She was intelligent and beautiful in appearance, but the man was harsh and evil in his dealings; he was ba 1Calebite).I.e. a descendant of Caleb.Prov 31:10Josh 15:13; 1 Sam 30:14 4 David heard in the wilderness that Nabal was shearing his sheep. 5 So David sent ten young men; and David said to the young men, “Go up to Carmel and go to Nabal, and 1greet him in my name;Lit ask him of his peace (welfare). It was customary to greet someone by asking him of his welfare (Heb shalom), like “How are you?” However, David specifies the greeting in v 6 without the actual question, so the question here (v 5) is just a way of saying, “greet him.” 6 and this is what you shall say, ‘1aHave a long life! Peace be to you, and peace to your house, and peace to all that you have.Lit To life!1 Chr 12:18; Ps 122:7; Luke 10:5 7 Now I have heard athat you have shearers. Now your shepherds have been with us and we have not harmed them, nor were they bmissing anything all the time they were in Carmel.2 Sam 13:23, 241 Sam 25:15, 21 8 Ask your young men and they will tell you. Therefore let my young men find favor in your sight and be well-treated, for we have come on a 1agood day. 2Please, give whatever you find at hand to your servants and to your son David.’”The time of shearing was a time of celebration and generosity.David and his men had given protection to Nabal’s flocks and shepherds, and it was appropriate for David to ask for compensation for this service.Neh 8:10-12; Esth 9:19, 22
9 When David’s young men came, they spoke to Nabal according to all these words in the name of David; then they waited. 10 But Nabal answered David’s servants and said, “aWho is David? And who is the son of Jesse? 1There are many servants today, each of whom is breaking away from his master.Nabal was insulting David and his men by implying that as far as he was concerned, they could be nothing but runaway slaves.Judg 9:28 11 So should I atake my bread and my water and my meat that I have slaughtered for my shearers, and give it to men when I do not know where they are from?”Judg 8:6, 15 12 So David’s young men made their way back and returned; and they came and told him everything that was said to them by Nabal. 13 David said to his men, “Each man put on your sword.” So each man put on his sword. David also put on his sword, and about afour hundred men went up behind David while two hundred bstayed back with the provisions and supplies.1 Sam 23:131 Sam 30:24
14 But one of Nabal’s young men told Abigail, Nabal’s wife, “Listen, David sent messengers out of the wilderness to abless our master, and he shouted at them in contempt.1 Sam 13:10; 15:13 15 But David’s men were very good to us, and we were not aharmed or treated badly, nor did we miss anything as long as we were with them, when we were in the fields.1 Sam 25:7, 21 16 aThey were a wall of protection to us both night and day, all the time that we were with them tending the sheep.Ex 14:22; Job 1:10 17 Now then, know this and consider what you should do, for evil is already planned against our master and against all his household; but he is such a 1worthless and wicked man that one cannot speak reasonably to him.”Lit son of Belial.
18 Then Abigail hurried and atook two hundred loaves of bread, two jugs of wine, five sheep already prepared for roasting, five measures of roasted grain, a hundred clusters of raisins, and two hundred cakes of figs, and loaded them on donkeys.2 Sam 16:1; 1 Chr 12:40 19 She said to her young men , “aGo on ahead of me; behold, I am coming after you.” But she did not tell her husband Nabal.Gen 32:16, 20 20 It happened that as she was riding on her donkey and coming down by way of the hidden part of the mountain, that suddenly David and his men were coming down toward her, and she met them. 21 Now David had said, “Surely in vain I have protected and guarded all that this man has in the wilderness, so that nothing was missing of all that belonged to him; and he has arepaid me evil for good.Ps 109:5; Prov 17:13 22 aMay God do so to the enemies of David, and more also, bif by morning I leave alive even one 1male of any who belong to him.”Lit who urinates against a wall.1 Sam 3:17; 20:131 Kin 14:10
23 When Abigail saw David, she hurried and dismounted from the donkey, and 1kneeled face downward before David aand bowed down to the ground in respect.Lit fell.1 Sam 20:41 24 1Kneeling at his feet she said, “My lord, let the blame and guilt be on me alone. And please let your maidservant speak 2to you, and listen to the words of your maidservant.Lit Falling.Lit in your ears. 25 Please do not let my lord 1pay attention to this worthless man, Nabal, for as his name is, so is he. Nabal is his 2name and foolishness is with him; but I your maidservant did not see my lord’s young men whom you sent.Lit set his heart to.Nabal means “worthless, good for nothing.”
26 “So now, my lord, as the LORD lives, and as your soul lives, since the LORD has prevented you from shedding blood, and afrom avenging yourself by your own hand, now then blet your enemies and those who seek to do evil to my lord, be as self-destructive as Nabal.Heb 10:302 Sam 18:32 27 Now athis gift, which your maidservant has brought my lord, let it be given to the young men who 1accompany and follow my lord.Lit walk at the feet of.Gen 33:11; 1 Sam 30:26 28 Please forgive athe transgression of your maidservant; for bthe LORD will certainly make my lord a secure and enduring house, because my lord is cfighting the battles of the LORD, and devil will not be found in you all your days.1 Sam 25:241 Sam 22:14; 2 Sam 7:11, 161 Sam 18:171 Sam 24:11; Ps 7:3 29 Should anyone rise up to pursue you and to seek your life, then the life of my lord will be bound in the precious bundle of the living with the LORD your God; but the lives of your enemies—those aHe will hurl out as from the center of a sling.Jer 10:18 30 And it will happen when the LORD does for my lord according to all the good that He has spoken concerning you, and aappoints you ruler over Israel,1 Sam 13:14 31 that this incident will not cause grief or bring a troubled conscience to my lord, both by having shed blood without cause and by my lord having avenged himself. aWhen the LORD deals well with my lord, then remember with favor your maidservant.”Gen 40:14; 1 Sam 25:30
32 David said to Abigail, “aBlessed be the LORD, the God of Israel, who sent you to meet me this day.Ex 18:10; 1 Kin 1:48; Ps 41:13; 72:18; 106:48; Luke 1:68 33 And blessed be your discretion and discernment, and blessed be you, awho has kept me from bloodshed this day and from avenging myself by my own hand.1 Sam 25:26 34 Nevertheless, as the LORD the God of Israel lives, awho has prevented me from harming you, if you had not come quickly to meet me, most certainly by the morning light there would not have been left to Nabal so much as one male.”1 Sam 25:26 35 So David 1accepted what she had brought to him and said to her, “aGo up to your house in peace. See, I have listened to you and have 2bgranted your request.”Lit took from her hand.Lit lifted up your face, an idiom used in various positive ways, probably based on the idea of a superior person permitting someone to look him in the eye.1 Sam 20:42; 2 Kin 5:19Gen 19:21
36 Then Abigail came to Nabal, and he was holding aa feast in his house for the shearers, like the feast of a king. And Nabal’s 1mood was joyous bbecause he was very drunk; so cshe told him nothing at all until the morning light.Lit heart.2 Sam 13:28Prov 20:1; Is 5:11; Hos 4:111 Sam 25:19 37 But in the morning, when 1Nabal was sober, and his wife told him these things, his 2heart died within him and he became paralyzed and helpless like a stone.Lit the wine had gone out of.Nabal probably suffered a stroke. 38 About ten days later, athe LORD struck Nabal and he died.1 Sam 26:10; 2 Sam 6:7; Ps 104:29
39 When David heard that Nabal was dead, he said, “Blessed be the LORD, who has apleaded the cause of my reproach suffered at the hand of Nabal and has bkept His servant from retaliating with evil. For the Lord has returned the wickedness of Nabal on his own head.” Then David sent cword to Abigail, proposing to take her as his wife.1 Sam 24:15; Prov 22:231 Sam 25:26, 34Song 8:8 40 When the servants of David came to Abigail at Carmel, they said to her, “David sent us to you to take you to him to be his wife.” 41 And she stood aand bowed with her face to the ground and said, “Behold, your maidservant is ready to be a maid bto wash the feet of the servants of my lord.”1 Sam 25:23Mark 1:7 42 Then aAbigail quickly got up, and rode on a donkey, with five of her maidens who 1attended her; and she followed the messengers of David and became his wife.Lit walked at her feet.Gen 24:61-67
43 David had also taken Ahinoam of aJezreel, and bthey both became his wives.Josh 15:561 Sam 27:3; 30:5
44 But Saul had given aMichal his younger daughter, David’s wife, to Palti the son of Laish, who was from bGallim.1 Sam 18:27; 2 Sam 3:14Is 10:30