In 1the eighth month of the second year of the reign of 2aDarius the king of Persia, the word of the LORD came to bZechariah the son of Berechiah, the son of cIddo, the prophet, saying, Ezra 5:1I.e. Oct/Nov 520 B.C.Darius the Great ruled Persia (capital city, Persepolis) from 522-486 B.C. He was an avid builder who used paid workers for his projects instead of slaves, a concept which at that time was revolutionary. He was a gifted visionary, and an energetic king whose social and economic goals endured and greatly benefited both his subjects and future generations. He developed efficient highways, standardized coinage, weights, measures, and he promoted religious tolerance and human rights.Ezra 4:24; 6:15; Hag 1:15; 2:10; Zech 1:7; 7:1Ezra 5:1; 6:14; Zech 7:1; Matt 23:35; Luke 11:51Neh 12:4, 16 2 “The LORD was extremely aangry with your fathers.2 Chr 36:16; Jer 44:6; Ezek 8:18; Zech 1:15 3 Therefore say to the Jews, ‘Thus says the LORD of hosts , “aReturn to Me,” declares the LORD of hosts, “and I shall return to you.Is 31:6; 44:22; Mal 3:7 4 Do not be alike your fathers, to whom the bformer prophets proclaimed, ‘Thus says the LORD of hosts, “cRepent that is, change your way of thinking and return now from your evil way of life and from your evil deeds.”’ But they did dnot listen or pay attention to Me,” declares the LORD. 2+@Kin 17:13; Is 45:22; Jer 18:11; Ezek 33:11Ps 78:8; 106:6, 72 Chr 24:19; 36:15Is 1:16-19; Jer 4:1; Ezek 33:11Jer 6:17; 11:7, 8 5 “Your afathers, where are they? And the bprophets, do they live forever?Lam 5:7John 8:52 6 But did not My words and My statutes, which I commanded My servants the prophets, aovertake your fathers? Then they repented and said, ‘bAs the LORD of hosts planned to do to us in discipline and punishment, in accordance with our ways and our deeds, so has He dealt with us.’”’”Jer 12:16, 17; 44:28, 29; Amos 9:10Lam 2:17
7 On the twenty-fourth day of the eleventh month , which is the month of Shebat, in the second year of the reign of Darius, the word of the LORD came to Zechariah the prophet, the son of Berechiah, the son of Iddo, as follows: 8 In the night I saw a vision and behold, a 1Man was riding on a ared horse, and it stood among the bmyrtle trees that were in the ravine; and behind Him were horses: red, sorrel , and cwhite.This Man is identified as the Angel of the LORD in 1:11, with capitalization used to indicate Him.Zech 6:2; Rev 6:4Neh 8:15; Is 41:19; 55:13; Zech 1:10, 11Zech 6:3; Rev 6:2 9 Then I said, “O my alord, what are these?” And the 1bangel who was speaking with me said, “I will show you what these are.”This is the interpreting angel, mentioned in vv 9, 13, 14; 2:3; 4:1, 4, 5; 5:5, 10; 6:4, 5, and is not to be confused with the Man in v 8 or the Angel of the LORD in v 11.Zech 1:19; 4:4, 5, 13; 6:4Zech 2:3; 5:5 10 And the Man who stood among the myrtle trees answered and said, “These are the ones whom the LORD has sent to go throughout the earth and apatrol it.”Job 1:7; Zech 1:11; 4:10; 6:5-8 11 And the men on the horses answered the 1Angel of the LORD who astood among the myrtle trees and said, “We have gone throughout the earth patrolling it and behold, ball the earth sits at rest in peace and free from war.”“Angel” has been capitalized here to reflect the likelihood that it is God appearing in a visible form (see note Gen 16:7).Zech 1:8, 10Is 14:7
12 Then the Angel of the LORD said, “O LORD of hosts, ahow long will You bwithhold mercy and compassion from Jerusalem and the cities of Judah, against which You have had cindignation and anger these dseventy years of the Babylonian captivity?”Ps 74:10; Jer 12:4; Hab 1:2Ps 102:13; Jer 30:18Ps 102:10; Jer 15:17Jer 25:11; 29:10; Dan 9:2; Zech 7:5 13 And the LORD answered the aangel who was speaking with me with gracious and bcomforting words.Zech 1:9; 4:1Is 40:1, 2; 57:18 14 So the angel who was speaking with me said to me, “aProclaim, ‘Thus says the LORD of hosts, “I am jealous with a burning, fiery passion for Jerusalem and for Zion demanding what is rightfully and uniquely mine with a bgreat jealousy.Is 40:2, 6; Zech 1:17Zech 8:2 15 But I am very aangry with the 1nations who are bat ease and feel secure; for while I was only a little angry, they 2cfurthered the disaster against the people of Israel.”I.e. the powerful Gentile nations whom God used to punish the Israelites for their disobedience.The conquering nations sought to wipe out the children of Israel, an evil which exceeded God’s intended punishment.Zech 1:2Ps 123:4; Jer 48:11Amos 1:11 16 Therefore, thus says the LORD, “I have areturned to Jerusalem with mercy and compassion. My bhouse shall be built in it,” says the LORD of hosts, “and a 1measuring cline shall be stretched out over Jerusalem.”’I.e. Jerusalem shall be rebuilt and restored to even greater glory.Is 54:8-10; Zech 2:10, 11Ezra 6:14, 15; Zech 4:9Jer 31:39; Zech 2:2, 4 17 Proclaim again, ‘Thus says the LORD of hosts, “My acities shall again overflow with prosperity, and the LORD shall again bcomfort Zion and again cchoose Jerusalem.”’”Is 44:26; 61:4Is 51:3Zech 2:12
18 Then I looked up, and saw four horns ! 19 So I asked the angel who was speaking with me, “What are these?” And he answered me, “These are the ahorns the powerful Gentile nations that have scattered Judah , Israel , and Jerusalem .”1 Kin 22:11; Ps 75:4, 5; Amos 6:13 mg 20 Then the LORD showed me four acraftsmen.Is 44:12; 54:16 21 I asked, “What are these horns and craftsmen coming to do?” And he said, “These are the ahorns that have scattered Judah so that no man raised up his head because of the suffering inflicted by the Gentile nations. But these craftsmen have come to terrify them and make them panic, and bthrow down the horns of the nations who have lifted up their horns against the land of Judah in order to scatter it.”Zech 1:19Ps 75:10