There was a certain man of aRamathaim-zophim, of the 1bhill country of Ephraim, named cElkanah the son of Jeroham, the son of Elihu, the son of Tohu, the son of Zuph, an 2Ephraimite.Lit mountains of.It is sometimes claimed that Samuel was from the tribe of Ephraim (rather than the tribe of Levi) and so was not eligible to serve as a priest. He was an Ephraimite only in the sense that his family lived in the tribal area of Ephraim. His genealogy is given in 1 Chr 6:22-28. At least two other men in the passage are named Elkanah. Samuel’s father, Elkanah, is the man mentioned in 1 Chr 6:27. The men mentioned in 1 Chr 6:23, 24, and 26 are several generations removed from Samuel.1 Sam 1:19Josh 17:17, 18; 24:331 Chr 6:22-28, 33-38 2 He had atwo wives, one named bHannah and the other named Peninnah. Peninnah had children, but Hannah had none.Deut 21:15-17Luke 2:36
3 This man went up from his city 1aeach year bto worship and sacrifice to the LORD of hosts at cShiloh. Hophni and Phinehas, the two sons of Eli, were priests to the LORD there.Lit from days to days.Ex 34:23; 1 Sam 1:21; Luke 2:41Ex 23:14; Deut 12:5-7; 16:16Josh 18:1 4 When the day came that Elkanah sacrificed, he awould give portions of the sacrificial meat to Peninnah his wife and all her sons and daughters.Deut 12:17, 18 5 But to Hannah he would give a double portion, because he loved Hannah, abut the LORD had 1given her no children.Lit closed her womb.Gen 16:1; 30:1 6 Hannah’s rival aprovoked her bitterly, to irritate and embarrass her, because the LORD had 1left her childless.Lit closed her womb.Job 24:21 7 So it happened year after year, whenever she went up to the house of the LORD, Peninnah provoked her; so she wept and would not eat. 8 Then Elkanah her husband said to her, “Hannah, why do you cry and why do you not eat? Why are you so sad and discontent? aAm I not better to you than ten sons?”Ruth 4:15
9 So Hannah got up after eating and drinking in Shiloh. Now Eli the priest was sitting on his seat beside the doorpost of athe temple of the LORD.1 Sam 3:3 10 Hannah was 1greatly distressed, and she prayed to the LORD and wept in anguish.Lit bitter of soul. 11 She amade a vow, saying, “O LORD of hosts, if You will indeed blook on the affliction of Your maidservant and remember, and not forget Your maidservant, but will give Your maidservant a son, then I will give him to the LORD all the days of his life; ca 1razor shall never touch his head.”Lit shearing knife. This was a requirement of a Nazirite vow which would apply to Samuel all of his life (see Num 6:2 ff).Num 30:6-11Gen 29:32Num 6:5; Judg 13:5
12 Now it happened as she continued praying before the LORD, that Eli was watching her mouth. 13 Hannah awas speaking in her heart ; only her lips were moving, and her voice was not heard, so Eli 1thought she was drunk.This implies that the custom at that time was to pray aloud; the outcome (vv 19, 20) shows that God hears prayer, whether it is spoken or silent.Gen 24:42-45 14 Eli said to her, “aHow long will you make yourself drunk? Get rid of your wine.”Acts 2:4, 13 15 But Hannah answered, “No, my lord, I am a woman with a despairing spirit. I have not been drinking wine or any intoxicating drink, but I ahave poured out my soul before the LORD. Gen 19:34Job 30:16; Ps 42:4; 62:8; Lam 2:19 16 Do not regard your maidservant as a wicked and worthless woman, for I have spoken until now out of my great concern and bitter provocation.” 17 Then Eli answered and said, “aGo in peace; and may the God of Israel bgrant your petition that you have asked of Him.”Judg 18:6; 1 Sam 25:35; 2 Kin 5:19; Mark 5:34; Luke 7:50Ps 20:3-5 18 Hannah said, “aLet your maidservant find grace and favor in your sight.” So the woman went on her way and ate, and bher face was no longer sad.Gen 33:15; Ruth 2:13Rom 15:13
19 The family got up early the next morning, worshiped before the LORD, and returned to their home in aRamah. Elkanah knew Hannah his wife, and bthe LORD remembered her prayer.1 Sam 1:1; 2:11Gen 21:1; 30:22 20 It came about in due time, after Hannah had conceived, that she gave birth to a son; she named him 1Samuel, saying, “Because aI have asked for him from the LORD.”The name possibly means “The Name +[i.e. Yahweh, LORD+] is God” or “His name is God,” but the etymology is uncertain.Gen 41:51, 52; Ex 2:10, 22; Matt 1:21
21 Then the man Elkanah and all his household awent up to offer to the LORD the 1yearly sacrifice and pay his vow.Lit sacrifice of days.Deut 12:11; 1 Sam 1:3 22 But Hannah did not go up, for she said to her husband, “I will not go up until the child is 1weaned; and then I will abring him, so that he may appear before the LORD and bremain there as long as he lives.”At this time children were nursed until about age three. But it may be fair to say that Hannah also wanted to keep the boy as long as she reasonably could; giving up her only child—even for the best of purposes—must have been terribly difficult.Luke 2:221 Sam 1:11, 28 23 aElkanah her husband said to her, “Do what seems best to you. Wait until you have weaned him; only bmay the LORD establish and confirm His word.” So the woman remained behind and nursed her son until she weaned him.Num 30:7, 10, 111 Sam 1:17 24 Now when she had weaned him, ashe took him up with her, along with a three-year-old bull, an ephah of flour, and a 1leather bottle of wine to pour over the burnt offering for a sweet fragrance, and she brought Samuel to bthe LORD’S house in Shiloh, although the child was young.These containers were made from almost the entire skin of an animal and were used for holding wine.Num 15:9, 10; Deut 12:5, 6Josh 18:1; 1 Sam 4:3, 4 25 Then athey slaughtered the bull, and bbrought the child to Eli.Lev 1:5Luke 2:22 26 Hannah said, “Oh, my lord! aAs surely as your soul lives, my lord, I am the woman who stood beside you here, praying to the LORD.2 Kin 2:2, 4, 6; 4:30 27 aFor this child I prayed, and the LORD has granted me my request which I asked of Him.1 Sam 1:11-13; Ps 6:9; 66:19, 20 28 aTherefore I have also dedicated him to the LORD; as long as he lives he is dedicated to the LORD.” And bthey worshiped the LORD there.1 Sam 1:11, 22Gen 24:26, 52