Now the ark of the LORD had been in the country of the Philistines for seven months. 2 And athe Philistines called for the priests and the diviners , saying, “What shall we do with the ark of the LORD? Let us know how we can send it back to its place.”Gen 41:8; Ex 7:11; Is 2:6 3 They said, “If you send away the ark of the God of Israel, ado not send it empty without a gift; but be sure to breturn it to Him together with a guilt offering. Then you will be healed, and it will be known to you why His hand is not removed from you.”Ex 23:15; Deut 16:16Lev 5:15, 16 4 Then they said, “What shall the guilt offering be which we shall return to Him?” They answered, “1Five golden atumors and five golden mice, baccording to the number of the lords of the Philistines, for one plague was on all of you and on your lords.It was customary in some ancient cultures to make replicas of injured or diseased body parts as offerings to gods for healing. These were called votive offerings. Moreover, worshipers of pagan gods often were not adverse to acknowledging the existence of other, powerful gods outside their own cultures, and in this case the exploits of the God who was inflicting their punishment were already well known (v 6).1 Sam 5:6, 9, 12; 6:17Josh 13:3; Judg 3:3; 1 Sam 6:17, 18 5 So you shall make replicas of your tumors and of your mice that ravage the land, and agive glory to the God of Israel; perhaps bHe will lighten His hand of judgment on you and cyour gods and your land.Josh 7:19; 1 Chr 16:28, 29; Is 42:12; Jer 13:16; John 9:24; Rev 14:71 Sam 5:6, 111 Sam 5:3, 4, 7 6 Why then do you harden your hearts allowing pride to cause your downfall ajust as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened their hearts? When He had severely dealt with them and mocked them, bdid they not allow the people of Israel to go, and they departed?Ex 7:13; 8:15, 32; 9:34; 14:17Ex 12:31 7 Now then, make a new cart and aprepare two 1milk cows on which a yoke bhas never been placed; and hitch the cows to the cart and take their calves back home, away from them.Here this refers to cows still nursing their calves.2 Sam 6:3Num 19:2; Deut 21:3, 4 8 Then take the ark of the LORD and put it on the cart; and put athe articles of gold which you are returning to Him as ba guilt offering in a box beside it. Then send it away without a driver.1 Sam 6:4, 51 Sam 6:3 9 But watch, 1if it goes up by the way of its own territory to 2aBeth-shemesh, then you will know that He has done us this great evil. But if not, then bwe will know that it was not His hand that struck us; this disaster happened to us by chance.”The nature of the milk cows would be to turn back toward their calves, not proceed forward, as they did, toward Beth-shemesh.A town belonging to the tribe of the sons of Judah.Josh 15:10; 21:161 Sam 6:3
10 And the men did so, and took two milk cows and hitched them to the cart, and corralled their calves at home. 11 They put the ark of the LORD on the cart, and the box containing the golden mice and the replicas of their tumors. 12 And the cows went straight toward aBeth-shemesh along bthe highway, lowing as they went, and did not turn away to the right or the left. And the Philistine lords followed them to the border of Beth-shemesh.1 Sam 6:9Num 20:19
13 Now the men of Beth-shemesh were gathering their wheat harvest in the valley, and they looked up and saw the ark and rejoiced to see it. 14 The cart came into the field of Joshua of Beth-shemesh and stopped there. A large stone was there; and the men split up the wood of the cart for firewood and aoffered the cows as a burnt offering to the LORD.2 Sam 24:22; 1 Kin 19:21 15 aThe Levites had taken down the ark of the LORD and the box beside it, in which were the articles of gold, and put them on the large stone. And the men of Beth-shemesh offered burnt offerings and made sacrifices that day to the LORD.Josh 3:3 16 When the afive lords of the Philistines saw what happened, they returned to Ekron that day.Josh 13:3; Judg 3:3
17 aThese are the golden tumors which the Philistines returned as a guilt offering to the LORD: one for Ashdod, one for Gaza, one for Ashkelon, one for Gath and one for Ekron the five chief cities of the Philistines;1 Sam 6:4 18 also the golden mice, according to the number of all the cities of the Philistines belonging to the five lords, aboth fortified cities and unwalled country villages. bThe large stone on which the Levites set the ark of the LORD remains a witness to this day in the field of Joshua of Beth-shemesh.Deut 3:51 Sam 6:14, 15
19 aThe LORD struck down some of the men of Beth-shemesh because they had looked into the ark of the LORD. He struck down 50,070 men among the people, and the people mourned because the LORD had struck the people with a great slaughter.Ex 19:21; Num 4:5, 15, 20; 2 Sam 6:7 20 The men of Beth-shemesh said, “aWho is able to stand before the LORD, this holy God? And to whom shall He go up from us?”Lev 11:44, 45; 2 Sam 6:9; Mal 3:2; Rev 6:17 21 So they sent messengers to the residents of aKiriath-jearim, saying, “The Philistines have returned the ark of the LORD. Come down and take it up to you.”Josh 9:17; 15:9, 60; 1 Chr 13:5, 6