Now I introduce and acommend to you our sister 1Phoebe, a deaconess of the church at 2bCenchrea,Phoebe (“bright,” “pure”) was chosen by Paul as his emissary to deliver this letter to Rome. She may have held a recognized position within the church.Cenchrea, a few miles east of Corinth, served as Corinth’s port and was probably visited by Paul during both his second and third missionary journeys. This letter was written from Corinth near the end of the third journey.2 Cor 3:1Acts 18:18 2 that you may areceive her in the Lord with love and hospitality, as 1bGod’s people ought to receive one another. And that you may help her in whatever matter she may require assistance from you, for she has been a helper of many, including myself.Lit the saints.Phil 2:29Acts 9:13, 15
3 Greet aPrisca and Aquila, my fellow workers bin cChrist Jesus,Acts 18:2Rom 8:11ff; 16:7, 9, 10; 2 Cor 5:17; 12:2; Gal 1:22Rom 8:1 4 who risked their own necks endangering their very lives for my life. To them not only do I give thanks, but also all the churches of the Gentiles. 5 Also greet athe church that meets in their house. Greet my beloved Epaenetus, who is the bfirst convert to Christ from the west coast province of cAsia Minor.1 Cor 16:19; Col 4:15; Philem 21 Cor 16:15Acts 16:6 6 Greet Mary, who has worked so hard for you. 7 Greet Andronicus and 1Junias, my akinsmen and once my bfellow prisoners, who are held in high esteem 2in the estimation of the apostles, and who were believers cin Christ before me.Or Junia (feminine). There is a higher probability that the name is feminine; no masculine forms found in this or near time periods.The Greek and larger context favor this understanding; Andronicus and Junia are not identified as apostles here.Rom 9:3; 16:11, 21Col 4:10; Philem 23Rom 8:11ff; 16:3, 9, 10; 2 Cor 5:17; 12:2; Gal 1:22 8 Greet Ampliatus, my beloved in the Lord. 9 Greet Urbanus, our fellow worker ain Christ, and my beloved Stachys.Rom 8:11ff; 16:3, 7, 10; 2 Cor 5:17; 12:2; Gal 1:22 10 Greet Apelles, the one tested and approved ain Christ. Greet those who belong to the household of 1Aristobulus.Believed by some scholars to be the brother of Herod Agrippa I and grandson of Herod the Great.Rom 8:11ff; 16:3, 7, 9; 2 Cor 5:17; 12:2; Gal 1:22 11 Greet my akinsman Herodion. Greet those of the household of Narcissus, who are in the Lord.Rom 9:3; 16:7, 21 12 Greet those workers in the Lord, Tryphaena and Tryphosa. Greet my beloved Persis, who has worked hard in the Lord. 13 Greet aRufus, an eminent and choice man in the Lord, also his mother who has been a mother to me as well.Mark 15:21 14 Greet Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermes, Patrobas, Hermas, and the brothers who are with them. 15 Greet Philologus and Julia, Nereus and his sister, and Olympas, and all 1aGod’s people who are with them.Lit the saints.Rom 16:2, 14 16 aGreet one another with a 1holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.A traditional act of salutation in the early church.1 Cor 16:20; 2 Cor 13:12; 1 Thess 5:26; 1 Pet 5:14
17 I urge you, brothers and sisters, to keep your eyes on those who cause dissensions and create obstacles or introduce temptations for others to commit sin, acting in ways acontrary to the doctrine which you have learned. bTurn away from them.1 Tim 1:3; 6:3Matt 7:15; Gal 1:8f; 2 Thess 3:6, 14; Titus 3:10; 2 John 10 18 For such people do not aserve our Lord Christ, but btheir own appetites and base desires. By csmooth and flattering speech they deceive the hearts of the unsuspecting the innocent and the naive.Rom 14:18Phil 3:19Col 2:4; 2 Pet 2:3 19 For the report of your obedience ahas reached everyone, so that I rejoice over you, but bI want you to be wise in what is good and innocent in what is evil.Rom 1:8Jer 4:22; Matt 10:16; 1 Cor 14:20 20 aThe God of peace will soon crush bSatan under your feet.Rom 15:33Matt 4:101 Cor 16:23; 2 Cor 13:14; Gal 6:18; Phil 4:23; 1 Thess 5:28; 2 Thess 3:18; Rev 22:21
cThe wonderful grace of our Lord Jesus be with you.
21 aTimothy, my fellow worker, sends his greetings to you, as do bLucius, cJason and dSosipater, my ekinsmen.Acts 16:1[Acts 13:1][Acts 17:5][Acts 20:4]Rom 9:3; 16:7, 11
22 I, 1Tertius, the awriter of this letter, greet you in the Lord.Paul’s helper, who wrote this letter as Paul dictated it, inserted a personal greeting, undoubtedly with Paul’s permission.1 Cor 16:21; Gal 6:11; Col 4:18; 2 Thess 3:17; Philem 19
23 aGaius, who is host to me and to the whole church here, greets you. bErastus, the city treasurer, and our brother Quartus, greet you.[Acts 19:29; 20:4]; 1 Cor 1:14Acts 19:22; 2 Tim 4:20 24 [1The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen.]Early mss do not contain this verse; it was taken from the Latin Vulgate.
25 aNow to Him who is able to establish and strengthen you in the faith baccording to my gospel and the preaching of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of cthe mystery of the plan of salvation which has been kept secret for dlong ages past,Eph 3:20; Jude 24Rom 2:16Matt 13:35; Rom 11:25; 1 Cor 2:1, 7; 4:1; Eph 1:9; 3:3, 9; 6:19; Col 1:26f; 2:2; 4:3; 1 Tim 3:162 Tim 1:9; Titus 1:2 26 but now has been disclosed and through the aprophetic Scriptures has been made known to all the nations, according to the commandment of the eternal God, leading them to bobedience to the faith,Rom 1:2Rom 1:5 27 to the only wise God, through Jesus Christ, abe the glory forevermore! Amen.Rom 11:36